Summary:
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) refers to intelligent computer systems, wherein the monitoring processes are handled by software. The CPS embeds the process of sensing, computation, networking in physical devices, then establishes interconnection between them and to the internet. Few applications of CPS include smart grids, robotic systems, control systems in industries, and autonomous applications. The basic architectural components of CPS are connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, and configuration levels. The hardware architecture depicts the physical components of a system and its interconnections. Some of the hardware components are sensors, actuators, and physical chips. In today’s trend, there is a close relationship between software and hardware components. The key challenges in the architecture design for CPS are cost, schedulability, and performance.
The major categories of architecture are federated architecture and integrated architecture. The federated architecture runs every control on a separate processor. This feature makes the software scheduling much simpler, but it increases the hardware expenses. On the other hand, in integrated architecture, several controls are fused on a single processor and hence minimizes hardware cost. In recent days, Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL), an SAE international standard is highly recommended for high-level hardware models and software partitions. The AADL focuses on categorizing the system components, supports frequent analyses, well-defined semantics. It makes use of domain-specific modeling language for the verification of guidelines. The concept of hardware-software codesign is another innovation that provides hardware-software unified representations. This will reduce the trade-off between hardware-software while achieving system objectives. The real-time system simulation could be tested with a single core and dual-core. Specifically, the hardware-software codesign are applicable for premature verification and requirement enhancement in industry processes. To meet the hardware heterogeneity, CPS can make use of dissimilar instruction set architecture (ISA) for multiple devices.
The future CPS requires more focus on factors such as system interface, a self-organizing system using the most appropriate services. Open challenges that still prevail are error analysis and power allocation analysis. Thus, the research topic on hardware and software system architectures for CPS addresses the architectural design for hardware and software in cyber-physical systems, its challenges, and research scope.
Topics (Include, but not limited to):
- Enabling service-based approach for designing an architecture for Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
- Role of Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) based design techniques depicting mobility based cyber-physical systems
- Recent trends in hardware and software architectures for smart cybernetic systems
- Advances in energy-efficient SCADA systems in architecture building for CPS
- Innovative trends on model integration platforms for designing hardware-software architectures in CPS
- Integration of AADL with hardware-software codesign using functional modeling in CPS
- Innovations in automatic service composition for architecture design in cyber-physical environments
- Advances in instruction set architectures (ISA) for cyber physical systems
- Emerging tools and techniques for CPS architecture exclusively designed for industry 4.0 manufacturing systems
- Advances in developing a roadmap for service-oriented architecture in cyber physical systems
- Advances in name-centric service architecture for CPS: Opportunities and Challenges
- Innovations of service composition framework integrated with hardware-software codesign for CPS architecture
- Recent trends in analysis-based design tools for framing CPS hardware-software architecture
- Advances in implementation of the intelligent control box in CPS architecture design towards creating smart living
- Innovations in the architectural framework for fully autonomous decision making cyber-physical systems: Obligations and future directions
